Space Robotics

REPORT ON SPACE ROBOTICS Justin Thompson, Astronomy, March 29, 2001 INTRODUCTION         Space robotics is a relatively b be-assed field of science. It derived from past robots that were apply for opposite practical uses, such as assembly lines and medical research. When the stead program came ab come to the fore, and NASA was formed, blank robots went into their full form.

ROBOT TECHNOLOGY at present         The blank shell robotic technology of to sidereal day is developed and designed by many companies and organizations. Some of the more well known, and noted ar NASA, JPL, ETL, and ARL.

        The overall objective of many of these programs is to advance the state of the stratagem technology used in space and planetary wanderers. The anticipate benefits argon to en fitting increased rover productivity and scientific knowledge, without risking the rovers safety. A concept that many want to incorporate into rovers in the near approaching is contingent command sequence into rover flight operations. This testament by far advance rovers by great standards compared to what they are today, they would basically be able to return for themselves in almost any given situation.

        Other immature discoveries and innovations in robotics are things like ARH, Advance Robotic Hand system. These systems are capable of completeing tasks that in the past only pitying being could do. The reason is that, someone that can be safely find away from the area and can operate on the ARH using cameras and outdoor(a) sensors.                  Stanford University contributes a lot to space robotics. The Aerospace Robotics Laboratory, ARL has a state of the blind research program in barren-flying space robotics. The ARL has developed such technologies that can do great tasks, in a free floating, zero-drag environment. The Robots are capable of, object acquisition and manipulation, and docking of ample objects. The Robots are currently being tested and designed to nominate in a more unstructured environment. The research at ARL is focused on developing the capabilities of individual robots performing entangled extended tasks, and work as teams to perform tasks that would be hopeless for a single robot. Sensory, control and cooperative behavior are all a great deal of importance to space robotics.

        Super-Long aloofness Space Telerobotics, is something that both Japan and the U.S. are experimenting with. Super-Long Distance Space Telerobotics is being able to communicate with and operate robots in other countries or in outer space, using the earnings and ISDN. The U.S. and Japan, although working together name different opinions about the forthcoming of robotics. Technologies of intelligent monitoring, object handling knowledge and man-robot cooperative control are emphasized by the Japanese. While technologies of distributed space telerobtics are emphasized by the U.S. (http://www.etl.gov.jpl/)         Other proposed, and experimental robot designs have been things like Smart Cranes. These cranes would have smart end effectors, on them, these would allow in for a more dexterous crane that could perform smoother and manipulative tasks on command modules or space centers in outer space.

MISSION TO MARS         The first damage mission that sent a rover was in 1997. It was spoil Pathfinder that carried the rover Sojourner to the Martian surface. However, in 2003 we are firing back with two new rovers that are state of the art. These rovers will carry far more scientific instruments than their predecessor Sojourner. The new rovers will carry panoramic cameras, miniature thermal expelling spectrometers, Mossbaurer spectrometers, alpha Proton X-ray spectrometers, and microscopic imagers. The new rovers will too be able to travel up to ten generation as far in one Martian day than Sojourner could, and execute a much more complex robotic mission.

        Rovers do have a disadvantage to aerial vehicles like balloons and airplanes. gay vehicles can take far more and greater elaborate images.

        The 2003 Mars mission will last until late whitethorn of 2004, but depending on the wellness of the vehicles it could continue longer.

FAMOUS ROBOTS         The known robot is Sojourner, mainly because it was the first and currently the only rover to travel the Martian surface. Sojourner was launched from Earth December 4, 1996, and land on Mars July 4, 1997. Sojourner had a weight of about 23 pounds. It carried an Alpha Proton X-ray spectrometer, and three cameras. While on Mars Sojourner out lived its projected expectancy by 12 times. From the time it landed to till its final data transmission on family line 27, 1997, the pathfinder returned 2.3 billion bits of information, 17,050 images, 550 that came from Sojourner. It also returned 15 chemical analyses of rocks and filth and data on winds and other weather factors.

        Another famed robot, that was before Sojourners time was NASAs Galileo. Galileo was an un-piloted space probe that traveled to Jupiter in 1996 and performed tasks such as determining he chemical content of the Jovian Atmosphere.

FUTURE ROVERS         In the future to be able to explore planets further, rovers will have to be able to go further and move faster.

        One idea that is being used for rovers of the future is expansive rovers. These rovers would use very large inflatable wheels to climb over rocks, instead of going around them, this would allow for further and faster travel. It may also be potential for future rovers to have shoulders that they can move to duck on a lower floor objects, and radar to detect the presence of water and other resources.

        The future rovers are also going to be smarter. They will be able to adjust to terrain. Eventually there will be teams of robots that will work together to form the groundwork, and the basis for human visits.

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