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Monday, September 30, 2019
Pi foods solution
Suggestions to resolve the problem regarding the irregular visit of the sales person to the C and D class Retailers and Shortage of supplies to the distributors. Irregular visit of the salesperson: a) We can give good amount of Incentives to the salesperson who visit the C and D class Retailers 2, 3 times in a week. B) We can also make a minimum visit criteria which Is must for every salesperson, for E. . Every salesperson must veils the C and D class retailers minimum 2 times In a week. C) The more the salesman sold the reduces to the C and D class retailers the more Good Incentives he will get For E. G. We will also give him free tickets to Movies or If he performs very well than we can give him a free International tour, In this way the salesperson gets motivated and they start visiting the c and D class retailers more often.Shortage of supplies to the Distributors a) Difference in Forecasted sales figures and the Factory production figures is happened every time, because most of the time the production capacity of the factory s limited and it cannot be extended immediately as it involves high cost and additional equipment's to increase the production, so when this problem arrives when forecasted sales figures doesn't match the factory production figures in that case company can make a policy in which it can explain that our production capacity is only this For E. G. E can only produce 100 cigarette's in a week or our production capacity is limited to only 100 cigarettes per week and this policies can be explained o the C and D class retailers, that we can only supply 100 cigarette's in a week not more than that but we can give you special discount if u buy from us or we can supply u these cigarette's at a cheap rate than anyone else in the market in that case retailers will buy the cigarette's despite of the Sales forecast that shows 200 cigarettes is going to sold this week but only 100 cigarettes are supplied.In this way we can resolve the mismatch proble m of sales forecast and Factory production figures. ) We can clearly explain the production capacity to the retailers, that our production capacity is only this, but we can give u special discount If u buy from us. In this way the retailers will buy from us despite of what there Sales forecast says. A) We can give good amount of incentives to the salesperson who visit the C and D which is must for every salesperson, for E. G. Every salesperson must visit the C and D class retailers minimum 2 times in a week. ) The more the salesman sold the reduces to the C and D class retailers the more Good incentives he will get For E. G. We will also give him free tickets to Movies or if he performs very well than we can give him a free international tour, in this way the salesperson gets motivated and they start visiting the C and D class retailers more often. A) Difference in Forecasted sales figures and the Factory production figures is when forecasted sales figures doesn't match the factory production figures in that capacity is only this, but we can give u special discount if u buy from us.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay
It is cardinal fact that the â€Å"emergence of management as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important impact on the society with which it developed†(Massie 29). Even during the early the early days of the 20th century, most of the business corporations were predominantly concerned with their singular objective of profit maximization. As a matter of stark reality, business corporations are open system and, resultantly, they need to continuously interact with the society. Hence, many social activists began to question this singular motive of organization during the later part of the previous century. Many scholars like Bowen, pointed out that since the corporations drive their existence from the society, it must possess certain obligations towards the betterment of the later. Gradually, in the modern times, business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) became a ‘science of conduct’ for almost all the business units (McNamara).            In very simple terms, business ethics is a â€Å"study of morality and standards of conducts†(Fred and Richard, 480). By the term ‘ethics’ we generally used to refer to the rules or principles which define right and wrong code of conduct. According to Walton, â€Å"business ethics is concerned with truth and justice and has variety of aspects such as expectations of the society, fair competition, advertizing, public relations, social responsibilities, consumer autonomy, and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad†(qtd. in Paul, 66).            In the modern era, the expectations and demand of the customer’s and the society as a whole has changed a lot, and hence, most of the business organizations have become more and more aware of their ethical and social responsibilities towards their interest groups. According to Kenneth R. Andrews, the term ethical and social responsibility mean the â€Å"intelligent and objective concern for the welfare of society that restraints individual and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how immediately profitable, and leads in the direction of positive contribution to human betterment†(qtd. in Ray 24). Thus along with promoting its own interests, business should always behave in a responsible manner towards the interests and betterment of its employees, customers, creditors, government, shareholders and the society as a whole. Thus, as Davis and Robert have rightly observed, â€Å"corporate social responsibility indicates the management’s commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner†(Davis and Robert, 1975). To What Extent Should Business be involved in fulfilling Social Obligations For more than two centuries, the debate has still been going on about whether business should possess social and ethical responsibilities towards the society. If so, then the question naturally arrives – to what extent business should involve itself towards the betterment and welfare of the former? An analysis of facts and arguments are sure to make this point crystal clear. These are discussed hereunder as follows: Arguments against Businesses’ Involvements:            First of all, the principal objective of business is to generate profit and, hence, any involvement in social affairs or much ethical behavior is surely directed against this motive. In the views of Milton Friedman, only people can have responsibilities; business as a whole, considered as artificial person, cannot be expected to possess such responsibilities. The only responsibility that business should have is to maximize its profits (Friedman 1970).            Secondly, businesses have to incur excessive cost for any social involvements. But, where from this cost will come? This cost is generally adjusted by increasing the selling price of goods produced and services rendered by the business. Hence, â€Å"the corporate executives would be spending someone else’s money for a general social interest†(Friedman 1970). Hence, as a result of businesses’ involvement in social affairs, the society itself has to bear the burden of this excess cost. As Levitt puts it, the results would be socially less desirable than the previous days when firms were predominantly concerned with their only objective of profit-maximization (1958).            Thirdly, since any social involvements is sure to increase the price of products, the MNCs operating at overseas markets may face stiff competition from the local counterparts which may not be involved in fulfilling ethical and social obligations. This may create an weakened international balance of payments (BoP).            Fourthly, too much social involvements may immensely enhance the power and authority of business through political and social means itself. This can ultimately corrupt them in the subsequent times (Richard and Fred 480).            Fifthly, business executive lacks social skills and are not effective in handling social affairs. According to Friedman, the managers should concentrate on what they know the best – ‘how to make profits’ (1970).            Finally, there are no specifically defined parameters of ethical and social responsibility. â€Å"What does it mean to say that the corporate executive has a ‘social responsibility?†(Friedman 1970). There is no agreement that clearly defines what type of social, ethical and moral responsibilities that businesses should undertake. Arguments for Social and Ethical Responsibilities: The modern world has witnessed a drastic change in the expectations of the society. First of all, every business organization is a part of the social system. It earns its profits from the society in which it operates. Organizations should, therefore, always consider the impacts of its decisions on the society. Since businesses earn their profits from the society, the former must possess certain responsibilities to the later. Secondly, both the society and business are equally benefited when a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. The society gains through economic developments and reduction of unemployment rate, and, on the other hand, business is benefited through the customers and workforce supplied by the society. Thirdly, a positive social image helps the business to increase its brand image in the eye of the consumers and thereby increasing the number its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract and retain skillful employees, great investors etc. Fourthly, a favorable public image helps the business to avoid the vigil eyes of the government and other regulatory agencies. It certainly provides greater independence and flexibility in the mode of their operations. Fifthly, social responsibility involves the conservation of natural resources which is very much beneficial not only to the society, but also for the business itself. Many products, like cans, bottles etc., which were considered as wastes in the earlier days, can now be recycled and profitably used. Sixthly, business possess considerable amount of power and authority – the exercise of this power should be balanced through a simultaneous display of ethical responsibility. Finally, business should prevent social problems for its own interests. Instead of allowing large scale unemployment leading to social political unrest, which can eventually spoil the operations of business in the subsequent times, business organization can rather become the source of employment for qualified and eligible people. Social and Ethical Responsibility on Interests Groups The International Seminar on Social Responsibility of Business has rightly observed that business corporations should be responsible to the following interests groups: Shareholders: The shareholders provide the prime resources i.e. the capital to the business for its existence, growth and development. Hence, the later must protect interests of the former. Employees: Employees are the most important assets for any organizations. It is through the employees that the business runs itself. In the earlier days, the management regarded its employees as only a factor of production and, therefore, denied their true rights. However, modern managements have rightly understood that unless the employees are happy, it is very much difficult to reach high levels of customer’s satisfaction. Customers: The most successful businesses of the world put the customer first, ahead of the investors (Mackey 2005). Modern organizations have realized the importance of keeping the customers satisfied. The growth of consumerism has contributed much to this realization. Creditors: The major inputs like machine, money, materials etc. are supplied by the creditors. Hence, business must behave ethically and responsively towards them. Society: Every business corporations, being open systems, operates within a social system. It draws its resources from the society in which it operates. Hence, it must be socially responsible for the welfare of the later. Government: It is the government of a country of state that provides the primary facilities for the growth and development of the business. Most of the governmental decisions are subjected towards the growth and betterment of the business. Hence, the business, in its turn, should behave ethically and in a socially responsible way towards the government. Conclusion Every business organization is a part of the economic and political system and not an isolated island without any foreign relations. It is the core of a network of relationships to individuals, groups, and things (Reddy and Tripathy 295). Hence, the management should always consider the impacts of their decisions on all the interest groups with which it is closely bonded. The business should operate as a trustee for the wellbeing of its employees, customers, the government, suppliers and creditors, shareholders and the society as a whole. In fact, the management’s duty is to mediate among all these social stakeholders in order to ensure that each of them gets a square deal and none of their interests and benefits are unduly sacrificed to those of the others. Social and ethical responsibilities â€Å"are management’s responsiveness to public consensus†(Adolph 1963).            Every civil citizen must possess some social and ethical responsibilities. True that the business corporations are considered as ‘artificial persons’ – but does that mean it should not possess any obligations towards the welfare of the system in which it grows and develops? Obviously, to increase profit is one of the prime motive of every business and from this point, any social involvements reduces the percentage of profit for the business. But, from a wider perspective, it can be concluded that, business corporations should â€Å"behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large†(Holme and Watts). References Adolph, A.B. The American Economic Republic, Harcourt Brace and World, New York, 1963 Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct: Carroll Business Society.1999, 268-295 Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, Revised  Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975 Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New York  Times Magazine, 13 September, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Making  Good Business Sense – http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html Levitt, T. The Dangers of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, Sept, 1958. Mackey, J. (qtd. in) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities of Business, October 2005            http://www.reason.com/news/show/32239.html McNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm Massie, J.L. Ethical and Environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995, 29 Paul, C. Ethics in Business, Introduction to Management, Modern Book House, Calcutta,            India, 1989, 66 Ray, S.M. Corporate Social Responsibility, An Introduction of Management Thoughts, Oriental Publications, New Delhi, 1979, 24 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. Social Responsibilities of Business, Principles of Management, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995, 295 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. ibid, Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management, Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997, 480 Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. ibid, 481 Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,  California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58-64 The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business: (qtd. in Mukharjee, P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, 1994, 09
Saturday, September 28, 2019
How to Quit Smoking: Helping Patients Kick the Habit Essay
Quitting smoking Introduction            Smoking is an addictive behavior where an individual forms an uncontainable reliance on cigarettes to the point where quitting smoking becomes a problem. Cigarettes contain nicotine that is usually addictive. Nicotine craving can be very intense to the extent that people may find it hard to quit using just their willpower. Every individual knows how smoking is addictive and harmful, but only a few acknowledge how addictive and risky smoking is. There is a high likelihood that one out of three smokers who do not quit smoking will eventually die because of smoking. The reason many individuals fail to quit smoking is because they are addicted. The rationale of this paper is to outline the miniature changes in my lifestyle that I believe will help me quit smoking.            The main reason I decided to quit smoking is the facts associated to smoking and addiction. First, smoking-associated illnesses account for 440,000 deaths every year in America. Second, smoking also accounts for 87 percent of lung cancers and the most causal factors of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Third, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in America. The other fact is that cigarettes contain more than 43 discrete cancer-causing chemicals. Nicotine is highly addictive as cocaine and heroin. The last fact is that the benefits of quitting smoking are realized 20 minutes of the last cigarette smoked. Smoking is not only an obsession, but it is also very costly. I spend around $7 every day. Quitting smoking will not only add healthy benefits, but it will also help me to save.            I have learnt a lot about my options for a long time as I plan to quit will make the quitting process effortless. An appropriate game plan according to my needs will help me control my cravings, smash the addiction, and join those who have kicked out the habit of smoking in their lives. I also acknowledge that it is hard to quit smoking since it is a behavior and physical addiction. An individual, who is in the process of quitting smoking, is likely to face cravings and withdrawal symptoms. The act of smoking is deeply-rooted as a daily habit. I also recognize that to be successful in my withdrawal endeavors, I have to consider the routines, habits and the addiction since they are entangled. A personal stop smoking plan is very essential since it help people to keep in track with the process of quitting smoking.            Quitting smoking starts with comprehending that it is an addictive behavior. The second thing is to cultivate inner feeling to quit smoking. I will develop inner motivation by highlighting the reasons that shore up my determination of quitting smoking such as smelling cigar everywhere and the fear of contracting cancer. The other strategy that will help me to quit smoking is being confident and positive that I will successfully quit smoking. I plan to use goal achievement procedures and frequent milestone incentives to stay committed and focused. I will always reward myself after some time. For instance, since I spend $7 every day, in six months I will have saved $294 or more. I will reward myself with this money. I will also choose a specific quitting date which will increase the chance of success. I will also try mixing different brands since research shows that different chemicals and flavors make smoking less enjoyable. Alternating bra nds also assists to de-automate smoking which will help me to successfully quit smoking. I also plan to put lighters, matches, and tobacco products from home away from my reach. Seeking doctor’s prescription is also an alternative strategy that I will consider in my plan of quitting smoking.            Changing my diet is another strategy that will help me to quit drugs. Research findings from US reveal that some foods such as meat makes cigarette more satisfying. Eating vegetables, cheese, and fruits make cigarettes taste appalling which is another small change that I will consider in my quitting plan. I will also change some drinks such as coffee, alcohol, and cola among other fizzy drinks that makes the cigarettes taste better. Instead, I will be taking more juice and water to ensure a successful quitting process. I will also drop smoking friends and also seek quitting support from family members and friends. I will also ensure that my mouth and hands are always busy for an effective stop smoking plan. The benefit of quitting smoking are: the blood pressure and heart rate will drop 20 minutes after quitting, the carbon monoxide intensity in the blood will drop to normal 12 hours after quitting, lung function and circulation improves 3 weeks after quitting, breathing problems and coughing decreases 9 months after quitting, coronary heart disease and risk of lung, bladder, mouth, esophagus and throat cancer decrease in 5-15 years after quitting.            The immediate rewards of quitting smoking are: social acceptance, reduced costs, improves health of others, leading an exemplary life as well as improvement in personal life. For example yellow fingers, stained teeth, and bad smells starts to disappear slowly. The other probable challenges that I expect in the quitting process include hunger in the first several weeks, fatigue and insomnia in the first month, lack of concentration, coughing and craving for cigarettes. The outcomes of quitting smoking are the rewards of quitting smoking where I will start to experience the good taste of food, a sense of smell will get back to normal, and bad smell in the house, clothes and mouth fades away. I will also be able to cut down the cost since smoking is very expensive. Quitting smoking will also help me to keep off dangerous chemicals such as cyanide and arsenic in cigarettes. I will always carry my stop smoking plan everywhere so that it can hel p me remember why I wish to achieve my goal.            In conclusion, quitting smoking can pose very hard since it is only 2.5% of smokers successfully quit smoking. The most initial step towards quitting smoking starts when an individual acknowledge that smoking is addictive. Cigarettes contain nicotine which is addictive just like cocaine and heroin. Quitting smoking will not only help me to save, but it will also help me to improve health. Quitting smoking will keep me off from lung cancer, heart diseases and other diseases associated with smoking. Personal stop smoking plan will greatly help me to keep on track and stay determined with the process of quitting. Diminutive changes such as seeking professional help from a doctor, making new non-smoker friends, changing my diet and drinks will be some of the strategies that I will utilize in the process of quitting. There are rewards of quitting smoking. However, there are challenges of quitting smoking especially being an addictive behavior. References Clancy, C. M. (2008). Quitting Smoking: Helping Patients Kick the Habit. Nursing for Women’s Health, 12(4), 282-284. How to Quit. (2014, July 2). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/how_to_quit/index.htm?s_cid=fb_osh3 Reversal of risk after quitting smoking. (2007). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer ;. What Is A Smoking Addiction?. (n.d.). ehealthMD. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-smoking-addiction#axzz3CAJBQ4gj Source document
Friday, September 27, 2019
The role of the Federal Government in Education Essay - 1
The role of the Federal Government in Education - Essay Example ESEA 1965 became part of a long history of over forty federal acts related to education through to the present (Kimmelman, 2006). While all of these acts were designed to improve the delivery of education, to ensure equitable educational opportunities and standardization, the more recent of them (No Child Left Behind) have aroused controversy. In essence, NCLB, among others, has been interpreted as federal intervention in state affairs. As this brief reflection will argue, however, the said intervention has the potential to be highly constructive insofar as it centralises the accountability factor. One of the fundamental roles of government is to provide for its citizenry, so that its citizens can provide for themselves and their families without being subsidized and risk becoming socially undesirable adults. In schools, principals and guidance counsellors tend to refer to this missive as preparing students, to become productive members of society. This focus continues to spawn various enactments of laws (Sunderman et al., 2005; Kimmelman, 2006). The Improving Americas Schools Act of 1994 (IASA) which reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) had a renewed focus which was supposed to change the delivery of education, encourage comprehensive school reform, upgrade instructional and professional development and promote accountability and coordinate resources to improve education to all children was not successful. Eight years after its reauthorization, on January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush, signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). This new law effectuates the Reauthorization of ESEA 1965 with a lifespan of six years. The federal government has now given states another six years to fix the damaged public school education system (Sunderman et al., 2005). As evidenced from the preceding, the primary focus of the described Acts is testing results. As Hess (2007) explains, NCLB emphasises the
Thursday, September 26, 2019
The Hurricane Katrina Catastrophe Research Paper
The Hurricane Katrina Catastrophe - Research Paper Example This paper aims to discuss the statistical facts of the storm and then goes on to analyze it in terms of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery measures. The hurricane Katrina catastrophe remains a somber reminder of the massive destructive force of nature, and the way the American nation confronted its position ‘in the eye of the storm’. â€Å"Hurricane Katrina formed over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23, 2005. The storm moved towards Florida made landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura on the morning of August 25. From there it moved on to the Gulf of Mexico, growing from a Category 3 hurricane to a Category 5 hurricane in a matter of mere hours. On Saturday, August 27, the storm reached Category 3 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale becoming the third major hurricane of the season. It gained strength and reached Category 5 status on the morning of August 28. Katrina made two more landfalls in the region before finally confronting absorption by the frontal boundary on August 31†(Knabb et al., 2005). In particular, Katrina was one of the five horrifying hurricanes of USA that resulted in deaths of approximately 1,836 people (Knabb et al., 2005). In addition, about 700 missing people were not included in the death count. Hundreds of thousands of local residents were left homeless and unemployed. It was the most expensive hurricane in U.S history, with physical damages worth about seventy-five billion dollars. This estimate does not include the damages to the economy caused by a disruption in oil supply and export of commodities as well as disruption to the sugar and tourism industry in the affected states. â€Å"It is estimation that the total economical effect in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion†(Burton & Hicks, 2005). The destruction caused by such a large hurricane is inevitable. It resulted in an impact on a region of approximately 90,000 squ are miles (DHS, 2008). However, the amount of damage caused could have been reduced had there been proper preparations for such a natural disaster. The biggest tragedy occurred in New Orleans due to the failure of the levee system. This resulted in heavy flooding and as much as 80% of the city became submerged under water (DHS, 2008). Experts indicated that this failure was due to design flaws in the system along with inadequate maintenance. The blame for the failure of the levee system was assigned to â€Å"the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the designers and builders of the levee system†(U.S. House of Representatives, 2006), and a lawsuit was filed against them for failing to pay sufficient attention to public safety. In addition, certain flood gates were not closed, this carelessness resulted in further flooding. Beachfront towns suffered worse property damage where 90% of the residential areas were flooded due to lack of proper preventative methods (DHS, 2008). T he failure of the levee system is responsible for many deaths in the state of Louisiana. Max Mayfield, director of the National Hurricane Research Center stated, "I do not think anyone can tell you with confidence right now whether the levees will be topped or not, but that is obviously a very, very great concern†(Blanco, 2006). This in effect marks on of the most fundamental planning failures of the government. In the case of a typical hurricane, the plan was for the disaster relief forces to reach the affected areas by land. However, in case the
Octogram.net Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Octogram.net - Essay Example I also scored a good point for achiever. I got 6 in this personality trait which means that I am very ambitious and like to set high goals for me. It is true because I am a kind of person who is always focused on achieving something in my professional life. In case of helper, I scored 7. It means that I am a very helpful person for others at work which is quite true about me. I love to work in teams and assist others through my knowledge. I also want my colleagues to achieve their professional goals. The areas in which I scored less were strategist, anchor, analyst, and team player. To my surprise, I scored just 2 points for strategist. It means that I am not interested in finding solutions for problems which does not seem true about me. I have the potential to set strategies to meet those goals. For anchor, I scored 4 points. The scored truly reflected my multitasking approach at the workplace. I like to get exposure to multiple areas of professional life rather than sticking to any particular role. For analyst, I scored 4 points which means that I am not able to dig into the problems. It does not seem correct because I am a problem-solver rather than problem-avoider. The last personality trait was team player for which I scored 4 points. It means that I am only concerned with my role in the team. It is again not correct about me because I like to help others when working as a team and like to maintain team harmony to achieve results. Summing it up, although some results went in favor of me and some appeared as if they were wrong, but they did expose my workplace personality traits. I think that this understanding would influence my managerial behaviors because managers need to be aware of their strengths and weaknesses. This octogram test would work as a good starting point for me and would definitely help me work on my weak areas. This response seems to be summing up all workplace
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Olympics games and a permanent home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Olympics games and a permanent home - Essay Example Financial hazards are pertinent problem where many hosting cities fail to cope up with. But apart from financial hazards, political calamities are also one of the very obvious hazards which the event has to face due to rotating sites. Polarisation and corruption also easily get into the scheme of things of such an auspicious event due to its shift in place. There was a massive boycott in participation during the Montreal, Moscow and Los Angeles games. Moreover, the dark day in the history of Olympics which occurred in the event of 1972 Munich Games where Israeli athletes were attacked, will remain an unforgettable event. All these happened due to myriad polarised selection of places which fell under the regime of different socio-political blocks. Nevertheless, the myth that after hosting the games many cities are able to improve their human rights conditions under the compulsion of the international pressure have been proven time and again and Jacques Rogge, The President of Internat ional Olympic Committee even held the perception till the Beijing Game that the games would â€Å"have a good effect for the evolution of China†. At the same time he also maintained that the Olympic Games would turn out for China as â€Å"a great catalyst for change†. But the government’s increasing restriction for the visit to Tibet and clamping down its dissidents proved the attempt of better human rights condition under international exposure into a complete vain. Olympic Games are far beyond.... At the same time he also maintained that the Olympic Games would turn out for China as â€Å"a great catalyst for change†. But the government’s increasing restriction for the visit to Tibet and clamping down its dissidents proved the attempt of better human rights condition under international exposure into a complete vain. Olympic Games are far beyond the parochial politics of nation, society and economy. Thus for the sake of the maintenance of healthy spirit of the game, it is essential to give it a permanent home possibly in a neutral zone to free the game from corruption, politics and polarisation which will render a strong platform for a game like Olympics to flourish with healthy spirit and competition. Even luminaries associated with the sports world feel the need of a permanent home for the Olympics. Bill Bradley, a Senator and a Democrat of New Jersey seriously felt that the permanent home of the Olympics would be â€Å"suitable for insulating the Games from u nwarranted and disruptive international politics†(Banks-Altakruse, â€Å"Give the Olympics a Home†). Task 2 Today’s low-cost airlines are able to offer fast and cheap travel. However, some people believe this is at a cost to the planet. Suggest ways that governments and individuals could tackle the environmental impact of low-cost flights. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. The current market scenario of the global aviation industry is apparently competitive. The competition is also at a rapid increase which is influencing the marketing strategies of the major industry players. For instance, in the global airline industry companies
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
International business management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
International business management report - Essay Example The involvement of cross functional teams and different stakeholders therefore require project management to be governed in effective manner. This report will also include evidence from the various reports of National Audit Office on the success of implementing Shared Services in UK and will take practical insights from the same. ManCo’s decision to implement a shared service to manage certain business processes will require a systematic approach towards understanding how the overall dynamics of project management work besides how leadership can effectively contribute towards the success of the project. More collaboration needs to be on the development of agile systems which are not overly complex as well as fulfill the requirements of the internal customers of the project. This report will provide analysis and insights into how ManCo can manage the overall project of initiating the required changes in the processes. This report will further discuss about critical issues and p rinciples related with the successful project management. Key Principles of Project Management One of the key principles a project follows is the clear definition of what project is and how much the project manager is actually responsible for. In order to successfully launch the project of managing the shared services across different locations, it is important first to actually define what this project is and what it intends to achieve. Practically, however, project managers fail to clearly define the projects and determine the accountabilities for this. Various reports by National Audit Office (NAO) suggest that failure to clearly identify the purpose of project and who will own it can increase the cost for project managers. Definition of the roles and accountabilities is also another key principle ManCo must first determine. The people involved in the overall project, how cross functional teams will be formed and what will be the role of each member must be defined initially in o rder to avoid conflicts at the later stage. In order to successfully manage all the stakeholders, it is critical therefore that the roles and responsibilities of people to be involved in the overall project.( Brewer,& Strahorn, 2012) Another important and critical principle is the preparation of plan and the discussion of the same with that of the managers. As a project manager, I would therefore focus more on discussing the project and its deliverables and justifying various activities which will be undertaken in order to centralize HR, Finance, Payroll and other activities across different locations. Dissemination of information and properly communicating to all stakeholders is another important principle which needs to be followed. Not informing all the stakeholders involved may create further conflicts of interests and hence the overall governance of the project may become difficult to achieve. National Audit Office in its one of recent reports has suggested that there is a need to have in-house capability along with the business and technical expertise to manage shared services. As such, the project management principles for shared services require that in-house capabilities must be developed rather than outsourcing the shared services. Focus should be on improving the in-house efficiency and to leverage the same with tha
Monday, September 23, 2019
Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Implementation - Essay Example Creating Liasoning agents and Integrators within the organization: since the organization has formal structures the first step towards becoming a learning organization is to increase communication and coordination between departments and units, initially it needs to assign liasoning and integrating jobs to personnel and gradually move on to create task force and teams. Team Development: members from each unit/department should be identified to form a task force. This task force should regularly meet and set goals and monitor results regarding the solution to the current challenge being faced by the organization. Market Intelligence and Information Distribution System: Johnson and Johnson should improve it's existing or if not already existing, it should set up sound market intelligence and distribution systems. The unit should collect information on consumer preferences, competitor activities, and upcoming technologies and share it with all the unit managers to gear up the whole organization to increase the flow in its product development pipeline. Monetary and Technological Help to promising startup companies and entrepreneurs: since the company is finding hard to find more and more startup companies produc
Sunday, September 22, 2019
The meaning of tolerance Essay Example for Free
The meaning of tolerance Essay The general acceptance of the meaning of tolerance is about universal human rights, to behave virtuous way towards other people and to respect others’ rights. Generally, experts declare that the people’s freedoms and rights end where the other people’s freedoms and rights start because to be tolerant requires being respectful others’ beliefs and not preventing others’ freedom and their rights. According to this claim, while people sustain their lives, they should think what their decisions’ and actions’ potential results because these decisions and actions may be profitable for their life. On the other hand, these decisions and actions may affect other people’s lives negatively and may cause physical and psychological problems. Thus, tolerance entails taking other people’s possible benefits and injuries into consideration. Although some people claim that the meaning of tolerance has changed for the worse, the meaning of tolerance has changed for the better and people are more tolerant on racial ,sexual, and religious issues. Some people incorrectly claim that the understanding of tolerance has become worse. However they are wrong in some ways. They say that the family structure has changed for the worse, also the rates of divorce, separation and cohabitation is increasing because of intolerance in a family environment. Also they add these affect the family bond between parents and children. For instance, Brenda Almond states â€Å"Often described as being ‘post- Christian’ phase, many Western countries, and Britian in patrticular, present a picture in which marriage as a basic family structure is visibly on the retreat as cohibitation, seperation and divorce expand to fill the void created. The UK provides a model of how life has changed. In Britain in 1979 children under 16 were mostly living with their two married parents. The figure then was over 80% but by 1992, just over a decade later, the figure had fallen to under 70%.†(p.136). However parents’ seperation, divorcement and cohibitation are not create impact on family bond. Even if the parents get divorce, the family bond does not weaken because in these days the families are more educated about raising children so that children can spend equal time both mother and father, they are not affected vey much from the lack of carelessness. Even if they are influenced, they overcome this problem easily. In other words, most of time divorced families’ children are healthier than other children who grown up with married families because if parents always fight, the child is influenced directly. Eventhough, some people say that the meaning of tolerance has shifted for the worse, effects of this change is not like what people think. Because of eduction, families facilitate children to overcome the problems which arise from divorcement and seperation and children are not affected so much from this negativity. The first area which is about understanding of tolerance is race. Racial problems occupy the world’s media less than other problems today because peoples’ attitudes changed towards these problems. They don’t discriminate the other people by different norms. In the past, people classified the other people by their race, if strangers’ race was not the same with theirs, their behaviour altered in a negative way immediately. They ostracize or torture the strangers. Thus, some majorities tried to make the minorities their slaves and perpetrate genocide against the minorities. However, today this attitude towards the other races shift, people start to live with other races in peace. In people’s new perspective everybody has equal rights by laws. Different races live together they share the same status. For example, before 19th century in the USA, the black peoples were living as slaves. They used to work for white people. They did hard work and they could be bought and sold like an object. However after the American Civil War, slaves gained their independence after a period of time they gain voting right. The USA handled danger of division and became united country with both black and white people. Sexuality is the other field that explains why the meaning of tolerance change for the better. Until 10 years ago people thought only men liked women and women liked men. Even if the opposite condition occured, they didn’t accept it and also they ignored and punished the homosexual people. However over 10 years later people changed their mentality toward the homesexual people and respect individual rights of homesexuals. Some of countries allow gay marriage such as Holland and Belgium. Some of them give a permission gays to join the army For example, in the UK, the army didn’t permit the gay people to participate the army before 2000 but the policymakers passed a new law which allowed the gay people to join the UK army. Some big companies’ employers strive to protect homosexual employees rights. For instance, american tax law requires collecting more tax from homosexuals than heterosexual people. Due to higher risk of health problem because goverment suppose gays, lesbians and bisexuals increase the possibility of epidemic disease. However Google qualifies this tax as a discrimination against homosexuals. Thus, Google pay more their homosexual employee to struggle with higher tax payment. More and more people help homosexual peole to protect their rights. It can be said that the perception of tolerance has adapted for a good way from the past to at this time by looking these examples. The third important area why the understanding of tolerance for the better is religion. From the past to the present , there are lots of minor and major religions appear. Some of them reach massive scale, some of them didn’t protect their existence and disappeared. However, there is a crucial thing that affects the whole humanity , is conflict between religions. Firstly, in the past, a great deal of causeless war occurred, like the Crusades. Plenty of people suffered from religious problems like the Jews. However, today people live with different people whose religions different from other’s and they more respectful when compared to the past. They don’t interfere each other’s traditions and lifestyle. For example, Zekeriya AltuÄŸ, chairman of the Hamburg branch of DITIB states that Germany has about 4 million Muslims, mostly of Turkish origin, in its 82 million population. Long treated as migrant workers due eventually to return to their countries of origin, they are now an established minority that wants equal rights so the State of Hamburg made the Islam governmental religion so that the Muslims bayrams also became legal holidays. Muslims celebrate these bayrams in mostly Christian society and Christians are respectful Muslims traditions. Secondly, in the business and school environment people also respect other’s religion. Today most of workplace and schools include different sanctuary. Every person can pray through their beliefs in their sanctuary. To illustrate, in Turkey Bilkent University has loads of foreign students and teachers.Ä °hsan DoÄŸramacÄ ± who was chancellor of Bilkent University, had DoÄŸramacÄ ±zade Ali Sami PaÅŸa Mosque built. This mosque also contain church and synagogues .Therefore, these foreign students and teachers can pray in their own sanctuary. Thus it can be commented by concluding that the religious intolerant has altered in some perceptions well. In conclusion, todays conception of tolerance is utterly different from the pasts viewpoint in some features. If it is compared these days and yesterdays family structure, racial, sexual and religious perceptions, it can be said that the definition of tolerance has shifted for a better way through looking examples. Although the percantage of divorce, seperation, and cohibitation is increasig, these changing family structure doesn’t make any difference on family ties because families more concious about raising children.Underdogs gained more independence by new tolerance perception. After this, they have been accepted as citizens by majority. Hence, it can be said that the definition of tolerance has changed for the better. Work’s Cited 1. Almond, Brenda (2006) The fragmenting family (Oxford, Oxford University Press). 2.Baklinski, Thaddeus M. Google to Pay Homosexual Staff More than Heterosexual Employees.LIFESITENEWS 05 July 2010, n. pag. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2010/jul/10070504. 3.HENEGHAN, TOM. Hamburg set to be first German state to officially recognize Islam. THE GLOBE AND MAIL. N.p., 23 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. http://m.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/europe/hamburg-set-to-be-first-german-state-to-officially-recognize-islam/article1763708/?service=mobile. 4.Wikipedia, . American Civil War. Wikipedia. N.p., 20 2012. Web. 22 Oct 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War. 5.Wikipedia, . Lustig-Prean and Beckett v United Kingdom. Wikipedia. N.p., 11 2012. Web. 22 Oct 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lustig-Prean_and_Beckett_v_United_Kingdom.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Porter’s notes
Porter’s notes Porters notes that ‘firms, not individual nations, compete in international markets.How does this statement help to explain some of the major challenges facing MNEs .How do the determinants of national competitive advantage help explain how companies can maintain their economic competitiveness? Porters note that firms and not individual nations compete in the international market is a statement that is very valid and cannot be overemphasized. The involvement of nations in the international market is just to weigh and to justify their existence in terms of the total output in term of production from the nation. A nation with a high production rate will be rated high in terms of its GDP which is the market value of the total amount of goods and services made within the borders of that particular country in a calendar year. This makes nations to encourage firms to establish in their countries while they provide conducive environment for such firms to operate. These firms are always beneficiary to the people of the nation by providing employments, goods and services, income to the government, and most importantly increase the GDP of the nation. The standard of living of people in the nation increases by a reasonable income per capita. However, firms not individual nation competes in international market (Porters; competitive advantage) and faces various challenges to have a competitive advantage over other firms in the same industry. Competitiveness is often confused with productivity. Productivity refers to the internal capability of an organization, while competitiveness refers to the relative position of an organization against its competitors. These two important concepts are often confused and interchangeably used. For example, in his famous book, The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Porter (1990, p. 6) says that the only meaningful concept of competitiveness at the national level is national productivity. Competitiveness may also have a distinctly different meaning at different levels of analysis  product, firm, industry, and nation. Porter (1990, p. 33) says that the basic unit of analysis for understanding competition is the â€Å"industry,†while the title of his book refers to â€Å"nations.†He also says that firms, not nations, compete in international markets. (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/eb046319 ) To grow to the level of becoming a MNE, the company must have achieved to an extent in its home country before extending the production/services to the other country. In modern international competition, firms need not to be confined to their home nation; they can compete with global strategies in which activities are located in many countries (Michael .E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations). In achieving this, lot of things have to be put in place and various principles regarding to location of an industry have to be considered. There are various challenges been faced by multinational companies but first and foremost, I will like to explain what a multinational company is, and what it entails for a company to be a multinational. Moreover, I will like to look into reasons why companies go multinational and considering the major challenges they will have to overcome, using typical examples. Mullti-national Corporation (MNC) or transnational corporation (TNC), also called multinational enterprise (MNE), is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are corporations that own or control production or service facilities outside the country in which they are based.(United Nations, 1973, P. 23) The rise of Globalisation has forced and enabled more companies to venture abroad in order to thrive for more profitability: bigger market, cheaper raw materials, and lower labour costs. However, MNCs have also noticed that the more countries they enter, the more ethical issues appear. At best, even when MNCs are dealing with one only one culture, they are already facing ethical difficulties; as they encounter two or more different cultures, it would become extremely problematical. http://www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=50620#ixzz0fA3KI9ss Some of the major challenges firms faces includes; economic weakness, price competition, terrorism, higher expense, environmental concern, change of government/regulation problems, health problems/hazard, government policies etc. . By following the globalization campaign, multinational companies supply chains can be enriched, high costs work force can be transformed and potential markets can be expanded. Consequentially, competitive advantages of companies can be strengthened in a global market. Otherwise, some problems are met in the changed environments in foreign countries at the same time. The changed environments can be divided into four main aspects, namely, cultural environment, legal environment, economic environment and political system problems. All the changed environments make problems to multinational companies. In particular, problems which are caused by changed culture environment are the most serious aspect of running a multinational business. . (http://www.oppapers.c om/essays/Discuss-Management-Problems-Facing-Multinational-Companies/120224) Firms in various industries faces different challenges whether domestic or internatonal, this could be explained with the five competitive force where all the challenges are embodied. The five competitive forces according to Porters are: The threat of new entrants The threat of substitute products or services The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of buyers The rivalry between the existing competitors. These five competitive forces determine the level of competitiveness and the structure of various industries. Porters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It uses concepts developing, Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one where the combination of forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources while the remaining two are internal threats. For proper and qualitative understanding, it is useful to use Porters five forces in conjunction with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Five Forces Analysis assumes that there are five important forces that determine competitive power in a situation. These are: Supplier Power: Here you assess how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the number of suppliers of each key input, the uniqueness of their product or service, their strength and control over you, the cost of switching from one to another, and so on. The fewer the supplier choices you have, and the more you need suppliers help, the more powerful your suppliers are. Buyer Power: Here you ask yourself how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down. Again, this is driven by the number of buyers, the importance of each individual buyer to your business, the cost to them of switching from your products and services to those of someone else, and so on. If you deal with few, powerful buyers, they are often able to dictate terms to you. Competitive Rivalry: What is important here is the number and capability of your competitors if you have many competitors, and they offer equally attractive products and services, then youll most likely have little power in the situation. If suppliers and buyers dont get a good deal from you, theyll go elsewhere. On the other hand, if no-one else can do what you do, then you can often have tremendous strength. Threat of Substitution: This is affected by the ability of your customers to find a different way of doing what you do for example, if you supply a unique software product that automates an important process, people may substitute by doing the process manually or by outsourcing it. If substitution is easy and substitution is viable, then this weakens your power. Threat of New Entry: Power is also affected by the ability of people to enter your market. If it costs little in time or money to enter your market and compete effectively, if there are few economies of scale in place, or if you have little protection for your key technologies, then new competitors can quickly enter your market and weaken your position. If you have strong and durable barriers to entry, then you can preserve a favourable position and take fair advantage of it. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm Nations role too could not be undermined in any international business. Using thePEST analysis (Political.Economical, Social and Technological), one will see that firms/industries can only flourish in areas where there is a stabilised political, economic, social, and technological activity. Considering the case of dell in Brazil, dell was at a point of dilemma just because of political issues (change of government). For multinational companies, political riskrefers to the risks been faced when a host country l make political decisions thatwill prove to have adverse effects on the multinationals profits and/or goals. Adverse political actions can range from very detrimental,such as widespread destruction due to revolution, to those of a more financial nature, such as the creation of laws that prevent the movement of capital. For example,after Fidel Castros government took control of Cubain 1959,hundreds of millions of dollars worth of American-ownedassets and companies wereexpropriate d.Unfortunately, most, if not all, of theseAmerican companies had no recoursefor getting any of that money back. (http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/politicalrisk.asp) NATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE NEW TECHNOLOGY-new possibility of producing/design of new product NEW OR SHIFTING BUYER NEEDS-change in priority THE EMMERGENCE OF NEW INDUSTRY SEGMENT CHANGES IN GOVT REGULATIONS SHIFTING INPUT COSTS OR AVAILABILITY http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=B68DD8C0CD4FB01EF762C29BE22E6C93?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=1668938 How do the determinants of national competitive advantage help explain how companies can maintain their economic competitiveness? Porters Diamond Determining Factors of National Advantage Increasingly, corporate strategies have to be seen in a global context. Even if an organization does not plan to import or to export directly, management has to look at an international business environment, in which actions of competitors, buyers, sellers, new entrants of providers of substitutes may influence the domestic market. Information technology is reinforcing this trend. Michael Porter introduced a model that allows analyzing why some nations are more competitive than others are, and why some industries within nations are more competitive than others are, in his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations. This model of determining factors of national advantage has become known as Porters Diamond. It suggests that the national home base of an organization plays an important role in shaping the extent to which it is likely to achieve advantage on a global scale. This home base provides basic factors, which support or hinder organizations from building advantages in global competition. Porter distinguishes four determinants: (http://www.themanager.org/models/diamond.htm) Factor Conditions The situation in a country regarding production factors, like skilled labor, infrastructure, etc., which are relevant for competition in particular industries. These factors can be grouped into human resources (qualification level, cost of labor, commitment etc.), material resources (natural resources, vegetation, space etc.), knowledge resources, capital resources, and infrastructure. They also include factors like quality of research on universities, deregulation of labor markets, or liquidity of national stock markets. These national factors often provide initial advantages, which are subsequently built upon. Each country has its own particular set of factor conditions; hence, in each country will develop those industries for which the particular set of factor conditions is optimal. This explains the existence of so-called low-cost-countries (low costs of labor), agricultural countries (large countries with fertile soil), or the start-up culture in the United States (well developed venture capital market). Porter points out that these factors are not necessarily nature-made or inherited. They may develop and change. Political initiatives, technological progress or socio-cultural changes, for instance, may shape national factor conditions. A good example is the discussion on the ethics of genetic engineering and cloning that will influence knowledge capital in this field in North America and Europe. Home Demand Conditions Describes the state of home demand for products and services produced in a country.Home demand conditions influence the shaping of particular factor conditions. They have impact on the pace and direction of innovation and product development. According to Porter, home demand is determined by three major characteristics: their mixture (the mix of customers needs and wants), their scope and growth rate, and the mechanisms that transmit domestic preferences to foreign markets. Porter states that a country can achieve national advantages in an industry or market segment, if home demand provides clearer and earlier signals of demand trends to domestic suppliers than to foreign competitors. Normally, home markets have a much higher influence on an organizations ability to recognize customers needs than foreign markets do. Related and Supporting Industries The existence or non-existence of internationally competitive supplying industries and supporting industries. One internationally successful industry may lead to advantages in other related or supporting industries. Competitive supplying industries will reinforce innovation and internationalization in industries at later stages in the value system. Besides suppliers, related industries are of importance. These are industries that can use and coordinate particular activities in the value chain together, or that are concerned with complementary products (e.g. hardware and software). A typical example is the shoe and leather industry in Italy. Italy is not only successful with shoes and leather, but with related products and services such as leather working machinery, design, etc. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry The conditions in a country that determine how companies are established, are organized and are managed, and that determine the characteristics of domestic competition Here, cultural aspects play an important role. In different nations, factors like management structures, working morale, or interactions between companies are shaped differently. This will provide advantages and disadvantages for particular industries. Typical corporate objectives in relation to patterns of commitment among workforce are of special importance. They are heavily influenced by structures of ownership and control. Family-business based industries that are dominated by owner-managers will behave differently than publicly quoted companies. Porter argues that domestic rivalry and the search for competitive advantage within a nation can help provide organizations with bases for achieving such advantage on a more global scale. Porters Diamond has been used in various ways. Organizations may use the model to identify the extent to which they can build on home-based advantages to create competitive advantage in relation to others on a global front. On national level, governments can (and should) consider the policies that they should follow to establish national advantages, which enable industries in their country to develop a strong competitive position globally. According to Porter, governments can foster such advantages by ensuring high expectations of product performance, safety or environmental standards, or encouraging vertical co-operation between suppliers and buyers on a domestic level etc.
Friday, September 20, 2019
The Crucible - Was The Mass Hysteria Necessary? Essay -- Essay on The
In The Crucible, there was a lot of senseless behavior. The purpose of The Crucible is to educate the reader on the insanity that can form in a group of people who think they are judging fairly upon a group of people. Judge Hawthorne believes what he is told by certain people is the truth even if little evidence is to be shown. The young girls with Abigail convince Hawthorne of others being witches so that Abigail can get what she wants, John Proctor, also so that Abigail does not blackmail the girls. The Crucible by Authur Miller investigates the effects of hysteria, superstitions and repression on the Salem Community in the late 1600’s. Author Miller, 1915- was born in New York City and graduated from Abraham High School in Brooklyn, New York. Miller later went on to graduate school at the University of Michigan, 1938, where he received a prize for his play write. After college Miller joined the United States Army and fought in World War II. Miller also went through the great depression. Arthur Miller’s first play was written in 1944, he titled it â€Å"The Man who had All the Luck.†The Crucible is a dramatization of the 17th-century Salem witch trials and a parable about the United States in the McCarthy era. It was written in 1953 and Miller received a Tony Award for this play write. Miller’s The Theater Essays (1971) is a collection of writings about the craft of play writes and the nature of modern tragedy. In his time he has written many others plays, he has also writt...
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Romantic Love in William Shakespeares As You Like it and Twelfth Night
Romantic Love in William Shakespeare's As You Like it and Twelfth Night The fickleness of romantic love is a major theme in William Shakespeare’s comedies As You Like It and Twelfth Night, or What You Will. Shakespeare’s implicit social commentary takes the fundamentally masculine perspective of romantic relationships, which argues that a clear-cut dichotomy exists between love and physical attraction. According to evolutionary psychological theory, females often tend to automatically associate the emotion of love with physicality and the physical act of sex because an emotional bond with a mate is necessary in order to establish a secure family unit. Males, conversely, intellectually separate love from sexual desire because the essential masculine drive is to father as many offspring as possible, and to have strong emotional bonds with numerous mates is impracticable (Kenyon). By presenting women disguised as men who become the subject of other women’s â€Å"love†at first sight, Shakespeare argues that the feminine notion of a correlation between emotion and attraction is a fallacy worthy of comedic contempt. Amiens’s song from As You Like It sums up this argument. He sings, â€Å"Most friendship is feigning, most loving, mere folly†(As You Like It, II.vii.182). This is an ironic piece of verse, because it is sung in the forest by one of the attending lords of the banished duke. The reader could interpret the duke and his entourage as being symbolic of Robin Hood and his merry men (Moncrief), yet one would find it difficult to imagine Little John telling Robin Hood that his own friendship to Robin was feigning. Love at first sight is treated contemptuously in both As You Like It and Twelfth Night. In th... ...at they were physically attracted to Ganymede and Cesario, respectively. They were mistaken, however, when they attributed their attraction to the emotion of love. Love, in Shakespeare’s artistic portrayal of it, is a deceptive, ethereal phenomenon; false, fleeting, and unreliable. Works Cited Kenyon, Paul. â€Å"Evolutionary Psychology.†SALMON (Study and Learning Materials On-line). 4 Apr. 2000. Univ. of Plymouth Dept. of Psychology. 1 Nov. 2005. . Path: PSY364 Evolutionary Psychology support materials; Evolutionary Psychology. Moncrief, Kathryn M. Lectures on As You Like It. Oct. 2005. Washington College, William Smith Hall, Room 322. Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. Eds. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991. ---. Twelfth Night, or What You Will. Eds. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Food Sanitation Essay -- Health, Food Production
Nevertheless, regardless of the training cooks receive in school or on the job, and in spite of the efforts of supervisors and managers to ensure safe food production in their kitchens, one frequently can find improper handling of food in commercial kitchens. (0) Nevertheless, regardless of the training cooks receive in school or on the job, and in spite of the efforts of supervisors and managers to ensure safe food production in their kitchens, one frequently can find improper handling of food in commercial kitchens. (0) Using the steel wool is a calculated risk, but the cooks faced an unpleasant choice: use steel wool and risk leaving steel residue or be written up for being too slow to prepare the food. (0) Using the steel wool is a calculated risk, but the cooks faced an unpleasant choice: use steel wool and risk leaving steel residue or be written up for being too slow to prepare the food. (0) On the one hand, the executive and sous chefs would be so fussy about hygiene rules that they'd fine a worker one dollar for coming to work unshaved, but then they would leave someone else the responsibility of cleaning up after they prepared a new plate for tasting or a special plate for an important guest. (0) I have no reason to believe that the practices I observed at this Florida hotel are in any way better or worse than practices common throughout the industry - except where management takes a strong hand in insisting on care and cleanliness in food handling. (0) On the one hand, the executive and sous chefs would be so fussy about hygiene rules that they'd fine a worker one dollar for coming to work unshaved, but then they would leave someone else the responsibility of cleaning up after they prepared a new plate for t... ...howed a 30-minute video that presented so much information so quickly that I felt no one could absorb it. (0) Also frustrating was the daily search for spray bottles, bleach to put in them, hand soap, paper towels, and properly sized latex disposable gloves. (0) Those hidden cutting boards were never brought to the washing room for daily thorough cleaning and sanitizing. (0) The executive chef was not a native English speaker, although his conversational English was good. (0) The saucier revealed his secret to me when I was faced with cleaning a tilt kettle after poaching 600 eggs. (0) No follow-up effort was made in the ensuing months to reinforce the lessons of the video. (0) I asked him how I could clean the dried, baked egg on the side of the kettle, and he replied, "Here, use this." Steel wool is efficient and effective for cleaning. (0) Food Sanitation Essay -- Health, Food Production Nevertheless, regardless of the training cooks receive in school or on the job, and in spite of the efforts of supervisors and managers to ensure safe food production in their kitchens, one frequently can find improper handling of food in commercial kitchens. (0) Nevertheless, regardless of the training cooks receive in school or on the job, and in spite of the efforts of supervisors and managers to ensure safe food production in their kitchens, one frequently can find improper handling of food in commercial kitchens. (0) Using the steel wool is a calculated risk, but the cooks faced an unpleasant choice: use steel wool and risk leaving steel residue or be written up for being too slow to prepare the food. (0) Using the steel wool is a calculated risk, but the cooks faced an unpleasant choice: use steel wool and risk leaving steel residue or be written up for being too slow to prepare the food. (0) On the one hand, the executive and sous chefs would be so fussy about hygiene rules that they'd fine a worker one dollar for coming to work unshaved, but then they would leave someone else the responsibility of cleaning up after they prepared a new plate for tasting or a special plate for an important guest. (0) I have no reason to believe that the practices I observed at this Florida hotel are in any way better or worse than practices common throughout the industry - except where management takes a strong hand in insisting on care and cleanliness in food handling. (0) On the one hand, the executive and sous chefs would be so fussy about hygiene rules that they'd fine a worker one dollar for coming to work unshaved, but then they would leave someone else the responsibility of cleaning up after they prepared a new plate for t... ...howed a 30-minute video that presented so much information so quickly that I felt no one could absorb it. (0) Also frustrating was the daily search for spray bottles, bleach to put in them, hand soap, paper towels, and properly sized latex disposable gloves. (0) Those hidden cutting boards were never brought to the washing room for daily thorough cleaning and sanitizing. (0) The executive chef was not a native English speaker, although his conversational English was good. (0) The saucier revealed his secret to me when I was faced with cleaning a tilt kettle after poaching 600 eggs. (0) No follow-up effort was made in the ensuing months to reinforce the lessons of the video. (0) I asked him how I could clean the dried, baked egg on the side of the kettle, and he replied, "Here, use this." Steel wool is efficient and effective for cleaning. (0)
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
The Economic Impact of Tourism
Social and cultural impact of tourism As an industry, tourism is a dynamic, evolving, consumer-driven force. It is the world’s largest industry. It is the employer of 183 million people. This represents 10,2% of the global workforce. By employing one out of every the workers, travel and tourism is the world’s largest employer. As an industry, tourism is expected to grow much faster than other sectors. Growing so rapidly, tourism presents tremendous opportunities and challenges.Although a mature industry, tourism is a young profession. The good news is the variety of career prospects for today’s hospitality and tourism graduates. Tourism is a leading producer of tax revenues. When a tourist spends money to travel, to stay in a hotel, or to eat in a restaurant, that money is recycled by these businesses to purchase more goods, thereby generating further use of the money. In addition, employees of businesses who serve tourists spend a high proportion of their money locally on various goods and services.This chain reaction continues until there’s a leakage, meaning that money is used to purchase something from outside their area. This phenomenon is usually called the multiplier effect. Social and cultural impact of tourism From a social and cultural perspective, tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on communities. Even a visit to another part of your own country can both socially and culturally stimulating. Undoubtedly, tourism has made significant contributions to international understanding, peace and prosperity.However, tourism results not only in sociocultural benefits but also in sociocultural problems. Imagine the feelings of an employee in a developing country who earns perhaps $5 per day when he sees wealthy tourists flaunting money. Another example is nude female tourists sunbathing in a Moslem country. On the other hand, tourism is a clean and green industry, that most of the hotels are built with concern for the environment and use local crafts people, designers, and materials.Tourism brings new revenue to the area, it also creates and maintains higher rate of employment than if there were no tourism. During the past few years, the so-called â€Å"ecotourism†has developed in the countries which try to minimize visitor impact on their natural and cultural environment. In practical terms, ecotourism tour operators prepare participants by educating them about local culture, animals, plants.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Wealth of Teaching
Vive been working as a teacher for a year and four months now. Yet my understanding of being a teacher is still evolving day by day. I realized that how I understood this profession was not yet substantial until I was Immersed In the actual teaching scenario. I realize that the books, lectures, and inputs given by my college professors, when I was just an education student, are just spectacles of what is in store for me. When I ask my students what course they are planning to take up, they tend to mention almost all the other courses other than education primarily because they live that they won't gain much from this course In the future.Right now, the standards of the world are geared towards determining the gains. People nowadays choose a career that will give them greater return of Investments with minimal sacrifice due, perhaps to the fast paced and technological world that we have, when everything we need and want can be acquired in an instant. There is some truth to that. If I am only after the monetary gains of this profession, I might have surrendered last year and should have furnished my resignation papers. To be honest, my salary seems to be Just sufficient for my dally needs. Just say, this profession Is not a dream Job for someone who wishes to have a great bank account. What fuels me then is the realization that I'm gaining a lot beyond the standards of the world. When I was a high school student, I really dreamt to be a teacher because of the great inspiration that my teachers gave me. I promised that one time I will be like them. Now that I am already teaching, I am amazed that my Inspirations for this vocation are still out there doing the thing that they fell in love with- teaching.Some of them are even ageing already in this profession yet still pursue the same passion since the first time I saw them. I believe that teaching, using some economic terms, utilizes love as the main capital. A teacher who still wants to teach is a person filled wi th love and ready to give and share love to others. I think that right now people seek and clamor for opportunities to express their love more In the things that they do, But teachers, Like me, do not need to make an effort to love more since loving Is embedded In our Job description.This sounds easy yet very challenging at the same time There are even times that even as young as I am, I am forced to grow old and be a parent to my student, to find solutions to problems I have not even encountered in my life, and to find hope from students who don't even see the light within them. Why do we do these things? We do these things definitely not because of the salary given to our employers but because finding the most loving thing to do Is Integral to the desire off real teacher.One of the commercials that I really enjoy watching because I feel I can perfectly elate with it is the Unsafe commercial about a teacher narrating her story of her teaching profession and answering the question, â€Å"Para casino aka baa bandwagon? †In the same way, I believe that this commercial perfectly illustrates how teachers are passionate about life because of what they do. I myself consider teaching as one of teaching excites me since it provides me with several new opportunities to express my deepest humanity in the act of loving others, particularly my students.But aside from being given the opportunity to love, I believe that another gain of caching is the experience of being loved. One of the concrete manifestations of this is my experience of having a family. Because of teaching, I experienced having more than an extended family in the person of my students and parent. I consider my students and parents as family members and not as clients. This is the reason why my students and teachers love me not as a business partner as well but as a relative ready to love them the same way.In the same way, Just recently, I saw some of my students who graduated last year. Seeing the m in their college uniforms is such a great feeling. But I guess the best part is to be able to update each other about what is new about them and being able to look back at the memories of high school. A heartwarming message was given to me by one of my students saying that I have contributed to his growth as a person, and that he is very thankful for all of the efforts that I have made Just for him to value his education.This made me realize that teaching entails sacrifice and emptying. We teachers empty ourselves as we meet our students in the classroom in the hope that they would be filled. Emptying in itself is a risk that we teachers face every day. In our daily grind, we give our whole selves to our students without a strong assurance of a concrete change. But as we give ourselves to our students, we rely on their goodness and infinite giftedness that someday whatever we are doing would help them find their real purpose and mission in their life.As they find themselves, we no t only help others towards greater self-discovery, rather we impart more hope to them as they further appreciate life in its fullest sense Likewise, the wealth that we received in the form of students' appreciation, parents' raises and the recognition of others seeing our capacity to be able to make a difference to the lives of others are more than the abundance of the love we have given and a part of ourselves that we have shared for this risk. Thus, great risk, greater returns.Contrary to the belief of other people, I am a living witness that there is, indeed, wealth in teaching. As a matter fact, this profession has been truly a gift for me since it is through this that Vive been experiencing a lot of growth beyond the monetary and worldly standards. To be given an opportunity to love and to experience the abundance of love is in itself satisfying because it continues to lead me to greater happiness and appreciation of the true meaning of life lived to the fullest and shared with other people.Sam is currently teaching at Xavier University High School – Atone De Canaan as the Social Studies teacher for various 3rd and 4th year classes. All in all, Sam handles 7 classes. He Handles the Social Order Club and the Youth Christian Life Community Clubs, which are two of the clubs under the socio-spiritual cluster of the said school.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Linear Model of Communication Essay
It is a one way model to communicate with others. It consists of the sender encoding a message and channeling it to the receiver in the presence of noise. Draw backs – the linear model assumes that there is a clear cut beginning and end to communication. It also displays no feedback from the receiver. †¢ For example; a letter, email, text message, lecture. There are two main linear model which are used to explain the human communication process. They are †¦ †¦ †¦ †¢ Shannon and Weaver Model (1949) The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise. The noise could also mean the absence of signal. †¢ Berlo’s SMCR Model (1960) In 1960, David Berlo expanded on Shannon and Weaver’s linear model of communication and created the SMCR Model of Communication. The Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of communication separated the model into clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars. Shannon – Weaver Model Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916- February 24,2001) was an American mathematician, electronic engineer and cryptographer.He is known as â€Å"the father of information theory†. He was a student of Michigan University. He was a graduate in both engineering and mathematics. He worked in Bell laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies.He got IEEE Medal of Honor, Kyoto Prize, Harvey Prize awards. [pic] Warren Weaver (July 17, 1894- Nov 24, 1978) was an American Scientist, Mathematician and Science administrator.He is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of machine translator and as important figure in creating support for science in US. He was a student of University of Wisconsin- Madison. Introduction: Shannon- Weaver model is mother of all model in communication. The theory based on how a concept goes to a place from another. It is also known as mathematical theory of communication. Shannon published â€Å"A Mathematical Theory of Communication†article in two parts in the July and October numbers of the â€Å"Bell System Technical Journal†in 1949. The book co-authored with Weaver â€Å"The Mathematical Theory of Communication†reprints Shannon’s article. Later Weaver explained the model and popularized it. Formula: C = W log2(1+S/N) where, C – Channel capacity W – Bandwith S – Signal level N – Noise power This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process called â€Å"Noise†. At first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication. Communication model: The process of Shannon- Weaver model is as below †¦ †¦ †¦ [pic]Some key points of this model are given below †¦ †¦ †¦ †¢ Information source chooses desired message among a set of possible messages which can be mixture of any form of written or spoken, image or sound. †¢ Transmitter changes the message into the signal, also known as encoder. †¢ Message is the thing which is sent and received and all communication is about. †¢ Channel is the path that message passes through from the transmitter to the receiver. †¢ Receiver is the reverse transmitter which changes the signal back into the message, also known as decoder. †¢ Destination is the target place of the transmitted message. †¢ Noise is any unwanted additions to the transmitted signal which cause distortion or error in transmission. [pic] Shannon Weaver model of communication Requirments: There are eight (08) requirments of Shannon- Weaver model. They are †¦ †¦ †¦ †¢ Source †¢ Encoder †¢ Message †¢ Channel †¢ Decoder †¢ Reciever †¢ Noise †¢ Feedback Example: Mr. Khan made call to his assistant â€Å"come here I want to see you†. During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received â€Å"I want†only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback) â€Å"what do you want Mr. Khan?†. Sender : Mr. Khan Encoder : Telephone (Mr. Khan) Channel : Cable Noise : Distraction in voice Reception : Telephone (Assistant) Receiver : Assistant. Due to transmission error or noise, Assistant can’t able to understand Thomson’s messages. Criticism: There are also criticism of Shannon- Weaver model. †¢ One of the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories. †¢ The model which attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist to leads their further research in communication. †¢ It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience. †¢ The model based on â€Å"Sender and Receiver†. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive). †¢ Communication is not a one way process. If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength. For example: Audience or receiver who listening a radio, reading the books or watching television is a one way communication because absence of feedback. †¢ Understanding Noise will helps to solve the various problems in communication. Conclusion: Basically Shannon made this model not for the human communication. Rather he conceived the mediated communication, to be explicit the very phony conversation. Later human communication scholars began to use it to explain the unmediated human communication, as it is very simple and not far away. Berlo’s SMCR Model [pic] Dr. David K. Berlo (1929- 1996) was an American communication experts. He is called as â€Å"the father of modern mass communication†. Dr. Berlo explained his model as an expansion of Shannon- Weaver model in 1960 in his book â€Å"The Process of Communication†. He was a professor of department of communication, Michigan State University (MSU). Introduction: The model of David Berlo is known as â€Å"Berlo’s SMCR model†. The meaning of SMCR is †¦ †¦ †¦ Source Message Channel Reciever Communication Model: [pic] Elements of communication S – Source The source in other words also called the sender is the one from whom the thought originates. He is the one who transfers the information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words. It is done with the help of †¦ †¦ †¦ ââ€" ª Communication Skills ââ€" ª Attitude ââ€" ª Knowledge ââ€" ª Social System ââ€" ª Culture M – Message When an individual converts his thoughts into words, a message is created. The process is also called as Encoding. Any message further comprises of the following elements: ââ€" ª Content ââ€" ª Element ââ€" ª Treatment ââ€" ª Structure ââ€" ª Code C – Channel Channel actually refers to the medium how the information flows from the sender to the receiver. Some are †¦ †¦ †¦ †¢ Hearing. †¢ Tasting. †¢ Seeing. †¢ Smelling. †¢ Touching. All the five senses are the channels which help human beings to communicate with each other. R – Receiver When the message reaches the receiver, he tries to understand what the listener actually wants to convey and then responds accordingly. This is also called as decoding. The receiver should be on the same platform as the speaker for smooth flow of information and better understanding of the message. He should possess good communication skills to understand what the speaker is trying to convey. He should have the right attitude to understand the message in a positive way. His knowledge should also be at par with the listener and must know about the subject. He should also be from the same social and cultural background just like the speaker. [pic] Example of SMCR model Weak Point: †¢ No feedback †¢ More unilinear Strong Point: †¢ Save money †¢ Save time †¢ Easy to pass †¢ Repeatation †¢ Replication Conclusion: Though there is no feedback but Berlo’s SMCR model has a in development communication.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
My Life as an Aquarious
MY LIFE AS AN AQUARIOUS Astrology emphasis is on space and movement of the sun, moon and planets in the sky through each of the zodiac signs. From the viewpoint of earth, the sun appears to move along a circular orbit across the celestial sphere ;( 12a/20) there are sun signs and moon signs, which both depends on your date of birth. The signs are divided in to twelve different signs, and all twelve of them have their own meaning and representation to the individual that was born in that particular zodiac sign. Being born on January, 24 my zodiac sign that defines (7c) me is Aquarius. It has a quality of being independent, friendly and humanitarian ;( 12a/20) these all are the qualities that can be found in me. The first quality of Aquarius is being independent; any attempt to hold him (11b) down or restrict him will cause him, to flee. He needs to be free to be on his own. Independence is not just desired by Aquarius, it is essential to his well being. This applies (7C) to me in a big way ;( 12c) starting from my childhood,(19a) I always wanted to be independent and to be left alone to try to figure things out myself. After mid school I had to register for high school right away, and my parents was not available that day; I couldn’t wait for the next day, so I went to the school alone to register, and the registrar office sent me home, and I had to come back with my father the next day. I was out from home by the time am 18 and had a job, a house and was making my own money, doing all the decisions (2h) myself. Aquarius is considered independent/detached yet friendly. Even though we as an Aquarius like (7C) to be independent or some might consider us detached, (19a) we are also friendly, which leads me to my second quality of Aquarius being friendly. Without expecting anything in return for this could put a damper on his(11b) freedom; he(11b) live with no strings he love to make people laugh and cheer people up and it makes them feel good to make others feel good. They are very unconventional and always full of excitement ;( 20a) an Aquarius friend always makes life fun. I like to have fun, making people feel included, cheering people up and helping a friend n need. When one of my friends from high school, had his car broke down in the middle of the road on his way to out of town; he had gone far by the time his car stopped, and he called me, I had to excuse myself from work, and drive all the way to out of town and pick him up. Of course I don’t do this thinking about what that person might say or do in return ;(20a/12a) it’s kind o f the way I am,(12b) but I notice my friends loving to be around me and enjoying my company;(20/12a) I even remember my friends calling me and making sure I come to hang out ith them as they always mentioned to me that they like for me to be there because I bring a lot of fun to the table. When I graduated from high school I was categorized in the funny people of the bunch. The other quality I have as an Aquarius is being a humanitarian. Based on the Aquarius Astrological profile, he is (11b) most likely to be humanitarian, which is kind of connected with my first point helping people making feel people better comforting them. 12a/20a) There are even great humanitarians born under this zodiac sign like Oprah winfrey our greatest humanitarian woman, and I personally like helping others. My very first job right out of collage was in a nongovernmental organization which helps women and children in a very rural part of Ethiopia which is located in Africa ;(20a/12b) we personally deliver to their home a lot of materials such as, back to school supplies for students (19i)who can’t afford clothes, helping them with medicines. Our organizations also make sure that there is at least one clinic in a neighborhood so the mothers don’t have to suffer during giving birth. While my friends wanted to stay on the cities and work a regular job, I on the other hand, was so glad to get involved with this type of organization. (20a/12b)It makes my day go by easy and the satisfaction was priceless ,(20/12b)and now when I get to know about my zodiac sign, it all makes sense:(24d)it’s in my blood. It’s really amazing how much you can go and how much you can know if you set your mind to it. I(2h) am really grateful to know about my zodiac sign and what it really meant for me personally. (20a/12b)Writing this essay makes(7c) me realize the things that I didn’t understand for a long time, (19b)and now I know why I make the decisions that I make because they all make sense now. It doesn’t (7c) have to be similar with my friends or siblings because I am my own person, (19b) and I live my life according to me.  « Aquarius  » by Mesfin
Friday, September 13, 2019
Reflection reaction 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Reflection reaction 2 - Assignment Example In fact, the country is recorded to have been wealthy and dominated by the Islamic culture at that time; in addition, the country also had large populations of the Jewish people that were prevalent in Europe. The Christian and Muslim religions had shared the Iberian Peninsula, which is the current homeland to Portugal and Spain. During this time, it is recorded that these regions enjoyed relative peace and calm, something that played a role to their wealth and prosperity. When people live together in peace and understanding, they can do great things that can influence the course of life. This was evidence during this time that relative peace and calm characterized these regions. It is believed that the Jewish scholars and their Muslim counterparts collaborated in many things (Hannon 2). For instance, they worked together in the process of compiling great and important works of as well as making translations to this information. The same was applied in other disciplines like mathematics, science and sociology among others. It is believed that the period during and after 1469, saw Spain begin to make important and bold advances towards building its empire. During this period, Ferdinand and Isabella were united as king and Queen setting the pace for these developments. It is believed that the unison of these two people led to the union of Aragon and Castle, which were the most powerful kingdoms at that time (Moore 1). The support for Columbus by these rules played an essential role in bringing some many kingdoms under the Spanish rule. Columbus and other American possession remained under the custody and check of the Spanish rule and were passed to Charles I, who was the grandson of Ferdinand after his death in 1519 (Moore 3). Charles was very famous, history records that by this time, he had already conquered vast lands including Luxembourg,
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